Methods and apparatus for supporting trick play functions in devices without local storage

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus for providing playback devices with trick play functionality are described. The system includes a playback device, e.g., without recording capability, and a gateway device with multiple tuner-demodulators and/or a cable modem and recording capability. During normal playback, in some embodiments, both the playback device and gateway receive content in parallel with the gateway recording content at the request of the playback device and supplying the content over the local network when a user of the playback device requests a trick play operation. A single gateway, with multiple tuner demodulator pairs and/or a cable modem, supports trick play functions. In some embodiments if the number of playback devices exceeds the number of tuner-demodulator pairs in the gateway, the playback device can stream content to the gateway for recording and to be returned via the local network in the event of a request for a trick play operation.

RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/735,692 filed Jan. 7, 2013 which is hereby expresslyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for providingtrick play functionality, e.g., pause, reverse and fast forward, toplayback devices without recording capability.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various playback devices such as set top boxes and IP streaming devicesthat do not have digital video recording capability often do not supporttrick play functions such as pause, rewind and fast forward after aportion of a program has already been recorded. This is because suchfunctions are normally supported by recording to a buffer or storagedevice, sometimes referred to as a time shift buffer, and then playingback content from the time shift buffer in accordance with receivedtrick play commands.

In view of the above discussion, it should be appreciated that there isa need for developing methods and/or apparatus which would allowplayback devices such as set top boxes and IP devices which do notinternally record content to support trick play functionality to beprovided with trick play functionality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Methods and apparatus for providing playback devices with trick playfunctionality are described.

In accordance with various embodiments, a playback device such as a settop box or IP capable playback device such as a cell phone and/or atablet device is provided with trick play functionally via a local,e.g., home network, and a gateway device with recording capability.

In various embodiments the gateway device is a device with multipletuners and demodulators and multiple network interfaces, e.g., a firstnetwork interface such as a cable network interface and a second networkinterface such as a local, e.g., home network interface. The gatewaydevice may also include a transcoder and/or transrating module inaddition to a packetizer for packetizing content received via the firstnetwork which is not already packetized. In at least some embodimentsthe transcoder performs both transcoding and transrating functionsallowing the gateway device to recode and output content received viathe first network, e.g., cable network, over the second network, e.g.,after packetization by the packetizer. Thus, the gateway device canreceive content via the first network and process it to the extentnecessary before providing it to one or more devices on the localnetwork. As will be discussed below, the gateway device is used in someembodiments to provide trick play functionally to one or more playbackdevices on the local home network. Thus, assuming availability ofresources on the gateway device the playback devices on the home networkcan be provided with trick play functions via the gateway device. To theextent that tuner-demodulator pairs are needed on the gateway for higherpriority operations such as providing tuner-demodulator functions todevices without tuner demodulator capabilities, trick play functions areprovided to the playback devices on the local network. In the event thata playback device on the local network attempts to obtain access totrick play functionality but the gateway device does not have resources,e.g., unavailability of tuner-demodulator(s), to support a request forsuch services, a message is returned to the playback device indicatingthat trick play functions are temporarily unavailable, e.g., due toresource constraints.

At least some embodiments are directed to the case where a gatewaydevice and the content play back device, e.g., client device, subscribeat least at some point in time to the same content and thus each havethe same content available from the same or alternative sources, andthen the client device switches to using the gateway device as thecontent source, e.g., for trick play purposes. The gateway and contentplayback device may both obtain, e.g., subscribe to QAM suppliedcontent, both subscribe to multicast supplied content, or to samecontent delivered via alternative delivery methods, e.g., QAM/multicastchannels/streams.

The methods and apparatus of the present invention go beyond simplyreceiving and supplying content, e.g., with optional transcoding ofcontent, in that the methods and apparatus of the present invention takeadvantage of the time shift buffers included in the gateway to providesupport for time shifted playback functions, e.g., trick play functions,for client/content playback devices, which may not include time shiftbuffers capable of supporting meaningful time shift playback options,e.g., capable of time shifting content by multiple minutes and/or one ormore hours allowing, in some cases, complete playback of a program, showor multi-hour movie in a time shifted, e.g., delayed playback, manner.

In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, a playback device, e.g.,without recording capability, seeking to obtain trick play functionalitysupport from a gateway device at the same customer location as theplayback device sends a message to the gateway device identifyingcontent, e.g., a program, to be recorded. The message sent to thegateway device may include tuning information indicating the channel andfrequency and optionally modulation information, used by the firstnetwork to deliver the requested content. The message to triggerrecording of a program by the gateway device may, and normally is, sentin response to a signal from a user control device, e.g. a remotecontrol or other playback device control to switch, tune, subscribe toor otherwise trigger playback, i.e., output, of a program. For example,when a user of a playback device selects a program from a guide, notonly does the playback device such as a set top box, tune to and startoutputting the selected program, it also sends a message to the gatewaydevice to begin receiving and recording the program to thereby allow thegateway device to later support trick play operations that may berequested by a user of the playback device.

Output of a program by a playback device may, and in some embodimentsis, performed by supplying the program content to a display or otherdevice, e.g., for presentation to a user. In embodiments where theplayback device includes the display, e.g., in tablet, cell phone and/ormany other playback device embodiments, output of the program isperformed by causing the display included in the playback device todisplay program content on the playback device's display.

The message to the gateway device provides sufficient information, e.g.,a tuning triplet in some embodiments, for the gateway device to tune to,request, subscribe to and/or otherwise take the steps that may berequired to begin receiving and/or recording the content selected by theuser of the playback device. The message sent to the gateway device totrigger recording of content on behalf of the playback device may be,and in some embodiments is, sent over the home network to the gatewaydevice. While in many embodiments the message to begin recording at thegateway is sent in response to user selection of a program or channele.g., via a program guide selection operation made by a user selecting aprogram to be viewed, in other embodiments the message is sent inresponse to the user sending a trick play command via the remotecontrol, e.g., a pause command, which then triggers the playback deviceto send the message to the gateway device to begin recording thecontent, e.g., program, which was selected by the user of the playbackdevice.

As a result of the message to the gateway device, assuming availabilityof a tuner and/or demodulator and/or other subcomponent(s) required toreceive and record the content identified in the message requestingrecording to be performed, the gateway device will take the stepsnecessary to receive the identified program and record the program'scontent. The program may, and in some embodiments is, stored in a timeshift buffer maintained in the gateway device, e.g., for a two hour orother time period, before being deleted in the event the recordedcontent is not being accessed for trick play purposes. In the case wherethe content is being supplied via a broadcast channel over the firstnetwork, the gateway device may, and in some embodiments does, tune tothe broadcast channel and begin recording the program content. In thecase of a switched digital video (SDV) service, the gateway device sendsa message to the headend or hubsite to subscribe to the SDV channelbeing used to supply the program content to the playback device. Thus,in an SDV case where the playback device is SDV capable, both thegateway device and playback device will subscribe to the same SDVchannel and receive the program content in parallel with the gatewaydevice recording the content to facilitate trick play operations.

In the case of an IP capable playback device, the IP capable device mayreceive content from an IP content server via the first network and acable modem and/or other network interface. The IP content server maytransmit a unicast IP stream to the IP capable playback device with thecontent stream having been coded prior to transmission in a format thatis supported and particularly well suited for the particular IP capabledevice, e.g., using a coding specification supported by the deviceand/or taking into consideration screen size and/or processinglimitations of the device. In some embodiments the IP capable device isa cell phone, a tablet device, laptop, or Internet capable TV. In thecase of an IP capable playback device embodiment, rather than requestthe same content from the IP content server which it does in someembodiments, the gateway device may tune to a broadcast channel whichreceives the program identified in the message sent by the playbackdevice to the gateway device to initiate recording. In such a case, thegateway device may receive and record the same program content as isbeing supplied to the IP capable playback device but via a broadcast orSDV channel rather than via a unicast IP content stream. The programcontent supplied via the broadcast or SDV channel may be coded using adifferent video coding codec, e.g., coding standard, than the contentsupplied by the IP content server. Should the IP capable playback devicesend the gateway device a trick play request in such a case, the gatewaydevice transcodes the content, as may be necessary to put it in a formatused by the IP capable playback device, prior to sending the content tothe IP capable playback device. In such embodiments the transcoding maydegrade the quality of the video supplied via the gateway device overthe home network and/or not be of the same quality as the contentprovided by the content server. As should be appreciated, the contentserver may store pre-coded content for a variety of different deviceswhich may have been coded to a high level of quality using relativelyexpensive coders. In contrast the transcoding performed in the gatewaydevice may be done in real time as it is being supplied to the IPcapable playback device over the home network. Accordingly, in suchcases it may be desirable to switch back to the IP content stream fromthe content server when possible, i.e., when not operating in trick playmode.

From the above discussion it should be appreciated that during initialnormal playback operation, program content is received and processed inparallel by both the gateway device which records the content and theplayback device which outputs the content for display. Thus, while thegateway device may be recording content corresponding to the output ofthe multiple playback devices at the home at the same time, the contentis received via the first network and need not be communicated at thesame time over the local network thereby minimizing the normal load onthe local network.

When a user of one of the playback device in the home initiates a trickplay command via a remote control device, the playback device receivesand detects the command. In response the playback device receiving thecommand sends a message to the gateway device requesting that thegateway device supply the content corresponding to the trick playcommand, e.g., reversed or paused content. The gateway device respondsby supplying the program content to the requesting playback device overthe local network in accordance with the trick play command. Oncecontent has been paused or rewound, the gateway can also support fastforward, skip and/or other forward direction trick play requestsreceived from the playback device in response to a corresponding usercommand sent via a control device.

The gateway device will respond to forward direction playback requestsup until the point of reaching a live point in the requested program.The live point in the program is the point at which the output of thegateway device catches up, i.e., matches the point at which content isbeing received by the gateway device for the program being output.

The gateway device may signal, e.g., send a message to, the playbackdevice, e.g., set top box, that the live point has been reached therebymaking the set top box aware that subsequent content will be provided inreal time as it is received by the gateway device. Alternatively, insome embodiments the set top box may detect reaching of the live pointby comparing the program content that it is receiving from the gatewayand the content it is receiving from the first network and determiningthat the content, e.g., frames, being received via both inputs is withina predetermined amount of time as may be determined from presentationtime stamps or other time stamps included in the content supplied viathe first, e.g., cable, network and via the local, e.g., home network.

While the live point may be reached by the result of a forwardingoperation, e.g., a skip or fast forwarding operation, the program livepoint may also be reached by a user selecting a live mode option, e.g.,by selecting an option via the user control device, e.g., remotecontrol.

In response to receiving a signal from the user control deviceindicating that a switch should be made to live mode or detecting thatthe live point has been reached, the playback device makes a decision asto whether it should switch from outputting program content receivedfrom the gateway device via the local network or back to outputting theprogram content being received via the first network. Since the playbackdevices tuner/demodulator corresponding to the first network can be lefttuned to the channel used to receive the program even when the programcontent is being obtained and output via the local network, switchingback to output the program content received directly from the firstnetwork need not take a large amount of time. However, it may stillintroduce a momentary glitch into the output of the content. For thisreason, in some embodiments once the live point has been reached,commercial and/or program boundaries are detected and switching betweenprogram content being output by the gateway device in real time tooutputting the content received via the first network is timed to occurat the point where a commercial boundary is present, e.g., at the startof a commercial. This makes the switch less noticeable and reduces therisk that program content of interest may not be viewed by a user ordisrupted as a result of the switch between the gateway device suppliedcontent and the content received directly via the first network.

In some embodiments, when the live point is reached the playback devicemakes a decision as to whether it should switch to outputting thecontent being supplied via the first network or content being suppliedvia the gateway device. The decision whether or not to switch is based,at least in some embodiments, on local network loading. Local networkloading conditions may be directly communicated to the playback devicevia a network controller, router or other network element aware of localnetwork load or detected by the set top box. For example lost packets,high packet jitter and/or a lower than desired achieved data rate overthe local network may, and in some embodiments is, interpreted by theplayback device as an indication of local network congestion. Thus, inat least some embodiments, the playback device makes an assessment oflocal network congestion based on, e.g., lost packets, packet errorrates, packet jitter, obtained packet data rate and/or received networkloading messages and/or other network information and makes a decisionwhether or not to switch the program output to the content receiveddirectly, e.g., from a headend/hubsite, via the first network from thecontent received via the local network.

If the decision is to switch back to the content being supplied directlyvia the first network, the playback device sends a message to thegateway device to stop supplying it the program content via the localnetwork. The gateway device responds to such a message by ceasing tooutput the received program content to the playback device via the localnetwork thus reducing the traffic load on the local network. Such atraffic congestion based decision is particularly beneficial where localbandwidth may be limited, e.g., because the local network is a WiFi orother wireless network with limited bandwidth capability.

While the gateway device may stop supplying content to the playbackdevice it will continue to receive and record the program content beingreceived by the playback device so that it will be able to respond toany future trick play commands that may be issued by the user of theplayback device.

It should be appreciated that a gateway device including multipletuner-demodulator pairs, can support trick play functions for acorresponding number of playback device. Since all the playback deviceare not likely to request trick playback at the same time, the number ofdevices for which the gateway device supports trick playback can, and insome embodiments is, greater than the number of content streams that canbe supported simultaneously over the local network, i.e. assuming thatall playback devices are not requesting trick play content at the sametime.

In some embodiments the gateway device keeps track of which devicerequested recording of content supplied by a particular program channeland supplied the recorded content without the playback device having toidentify the program channel to which the trick play commands relate.However, in some embodiments the trick play commands identify theprogram channel and/or program to which a trick play requestcorresponds. Frame time and/or another time reference may also beincluded in the trick play request in some such embodiments. Inembodiments where the gateway device records multiple different programchannels at the same time, a playback device may obtain trick playcontent that was previously recorded for another device by sending arequest in the form of a trick play command and identifying the programchannel, time to which the command relates and the type of command,e.g., fast forward or reverse. The gateway device will comply with therequest and provide the trick play content via the home network if it isstored in one of its buffers even if the request comes from a devicewhich did not originally initiate the recording of the program content.

While the gateway device may match a tuner-demodulator to a particularplayback device, when multiple playback devices request recording of thesame program channel, the gateway device may, and in some embodimentsdoes, make a single recording of the program received via the identifiedprogram channel and use that single recording to support trick playbackrequests from multiple devices.

In some embodiments when a gateway device runs out of tuner-demodulatorssufficient to support recording requests used to support trick playoperations, the gateway device signals to the requesting playback devicethat the requesting playback device should stream the program contentreceived via the requesting playback device's tuner demodulator to thegateway device for recording. In at least some such embodiments thegateway device then records the content streamed from the playbackdevice and can respond to trick play requests from the playback deviceby transmitting back the recorded content to the playback device inaccordance with the trick play request received from the playbackdevice. In some such embodiments, while the playback device receives thecontent from the gateway device in accordance with the trick playmessage sent to the gateway device, the playback device continues tostream the program content which is received to the gateway device forrecording. While this approach potentially doubles the amount of trafficon the local network as compared to the embodiment where the gatewaydevice and the playback device both receive the content directly fromthe first network, this approach has the advantage of allowing thegateway device to support trick playback operation via the local networkwithout the gateway having to dedicate tuner/demodulator resources tosupporting the particular playback device which supplies the content tobe recorded and used for trick play purposes.

While in many if not most embodiments, the gateway device includes oneor more QAM tuner and demodulator pairs capable of receiving contentreceived via a QAM channel, in some embodiments the gateway deviceincludes a cable modem and does not include QAM tuner-demodulator pairs.In such an embodiment content can, and is, received via the cable modem,recovered and supplied to a content playback device in response to atrick play command, e.g., a pause command from the content playbackdevice. Thus, at least in some embodiments, pause and/or other trickplay functionality can be supported by a gateway device which does notinclude a traditional QAM tuner/demodulator pair. In one such embodimentthe gateway and client device subscribe to the same multi-cast stream.In another embodiment where the gateway device includes a cable modembut not a QAM demodulator pair, the gateway device may receive contentvia the cable modem via subscription to an IP multicast while thecontentment playback device receives the content via a QAM channel butwith the content obtained from the IP multicast being supplied from thegateway device over the home network in response to a pause or othertrick play request.

It should be appreciated that numerous additional variations andembodiments are possible and remain within the scope of the invention.Various features and embodiments will be discussed further in thedetailed description which follows.

Numerous additional features, embodiments and benefits are described inthe detailed description which follows.

Various additional features and advantages of the present invention arediscussed in the detailed description which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system implemented in accordance withthe some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates the steps and associated signaling exchange betweenvarious devices performed in an exemplary embodiment implemented usingthe system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates the steps and associated signaling exchange betweenvarious devices performed in accordance with an exemplary embodimentwhere an IP capable content playback device is used.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary gateway communications deviceimplemented in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary content playback device, e.g., a set topbox, implemented in accordance with one exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system 100 implemented in accordancewith one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The system 100supports delivery of content to customer premise equipments (CPEs),e.g., set top box, internet capable TVs, mobile phones etc., inaccordance with some embodiments of the invention. The system 100includes a network headend/hubsite 102, a cable network 161, e.g., ahybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network and/or internet, an IP capablecontent server 107, and a plurality of customer premises 104, 106. Invarious embodiments the content, e.g., multimedia content, is deliveredfrom the headend 102 and/or IP content server 107 over the cable network161 to one or more CPEs in the customer premises 104, 106. As will bediscussed, in some embodiments, some of the CPE devices at the customerpremises do not have DVR capability. In accordance with the features ofvarious embodiments, the CPE devices without local storage for recordingprogram content are able to perform the trick play functions such asrewind, fast forward, pause etc., with the assistance of an exemplaryvideo gateway device 122.

The network headend/hubsite 102 may be implemented at a cable networkoffice or hubsite serving a plurality of customer premises and includesmultiple servers and databases which are coupled together as shown. Inthe FIG. 1 example, the headend/hubsite 102 includes a content server,e.g., a broadcast file server (BFS) and/or a video on-demand (VOD)server 140, a switched digital video (SDV) content server 142, a contentstorage 144, a customer database 146 and a business management server148. It should be appreciated that various servers and/or elements shownto be included in the headend 102 may reside outside the headend 102 insome embodiments and may be located anywhere in the system 100, e.g., ina distributed manner. In the FIG. 1 example, various servers and otherelements included in the headend/hubsite 102 are coupled together by alocal network 152. The local network 152 is coupled via one or morenetwork interfaces 154 to other networks and/or devices. For example,the headend/hubsite 102 is coupled via network interface 154 tocommunications network 161, e.g., a cable network, and may also becoupled to one or more other external networks. In some embodimentssystem 100 may also include one or more mobile network(s) including oneor more base stations (BS) for supporting communications, e.g., deliveryof content and/or other signaling, with mobile devices such as cellphones.

Via the cable network 161, the elements shown in the networkheadend/hubsite 102 can send and/or exchange various information withthe devices located at the customer premises 104, 106. As shown in FIG.1, communications link 171 traversing the cable network 161 couples theCPEs 110, 114, 120, and 122 to the various elements/servers shown in thenetwork headend 102 and to the IP content server 107.

The server 140, e.g., a broadcast file server (BFS), among other things,is responsible for delivering programming content, e.g., analog programcontent, and/or other information to one or more content playbackdevices at the customer premises 104, 106, including live content andvideo on-demand content ordered by one or more customers. The switcheddigital video (SDV) content server 142 provides digital programmingcontent to one or more content playback devices which support receivingSDV content. In various embodiments the content servers 140, 142 accessthe programming content from the content storage 144 and generatetransport streams suitable for delivery to various CPEs via thecommunications network 161. The content storage 144 stores content,e.g., audio, video and/or other multimedia content. In some embodimentsthe content stream is encrypted prior to delivery to the CPEs over thecommunications network 161.

The customer database 146 includes, for a plurality of customers,customer information, account information and information regarding thedevices installed at customer premises. In some embodiments customeraccount information includes, e.g., customer account number, customersubscription/service information, customer device capability and otherbilling related information. Customer database 146 also includescustomer device information, e.g., identification and/or otherinformation regarding customer devices such as video gateways, STBs,cable modems etc., installed at various customer premises served by theheadend/hubsite 102.

BM (Business management) server 148 processes billing informationcorresponding to customers serviced by the headend 102. This may includeupdating billing charge information in response to changes in servicesbeing provided to the customer, upgrades, on-demand content purchases,and/or other activity. Business management server 148 also processesservices bill payment information, e.g., bill payment transactions,deductions from debit accounts, mail bills, and/or processes discountand/or other information.

Each customer premise 104, 106 may include a plurality of CPEs, e.g.,content playback devices. In various embodiments the CPEs located at thecustomer premises include, e.g., gateways, modems, routers, and contentplayback devices including, e.g., set top box, internet capable TVs,personal computers, laptops, tablet devices, smart phones etc. Invarious embodiments a content playback device presents the programcontent to a viewer, e.g., a customer/subscriber. In FIG. 1 embodiment,customer premise 104 includes a STB 1 110, e.g., a DOCSIS (Data OverCable Service Interface Specification) set top box, coupled to displaydevice 112, a STB 2 114, e.g., an SDV capable set top box, coupled to adisplay device 116 and an IP capable device 118, e.g., an iPAD, a cablemodem 120 and a video gateway 122. The content playback devices, e.g.,STBs 110, 114 and the IP device 118, the cable modem 120 and the gatewaydevice 122 are coupled to the local home network 121 over which theycommunicate and exchange information. The display devices could be,e.g., standard televisions. It should be appreciated that in someembodiments content playback devices can be integrated in a device whichalso includes a display. In some embodiments the STB 110 is a DOCSIS 3.0set top box. The SDV capable set top box devices, e.g., STB 114, supportreceiving SDV programming content from the headend/hubsite 102 over thecommunications network 161. The IP capable device 118, could be any of avariety of devices that support communications over IP, e.g., cellphones, tablet devices such as iPAD, computers etc. In at least someembodiments the content playback devices at the customer premise 1 104,e.g., STBs 110, 114 and the IP device 118, do not have a DVR or otherlocal storage within the device.

In some embodiments the exemplary video gateway device 122 includes aprocessor 128, a memory 130 and a home network interface 132 coupledtogether by a bus 129. In some embodiments the video gateway device 122,in addition to the above discussed elements, includes a cable modem 141and/or one or more tuners and demodulator pairs 124 through 126 whichcan be used to receive video and/or data content. In one embodiment thegateway 122 receives programming content via IP streams which can thenbe recorded and/or supplied to one or more set top boxes or IP devices,e.g., via the home network. In some embodiments the cable modem 141 isincluded in the gateway device 122 and the gateway device 122 does notinclude traditional tuner/demodulator pairs 124 through 128. Thus, inone embodiment with respect to the coax feed the gateway device 122 canbe considered a DOCSIS-only gateway with storage capabilities and thecapability to stream/supply content received via the DOCSIS modem toother devices, e.g., via an Ethernet, coax, or other interface. In suchan embodiment the gateway device 122 does not include traditional QAMtuner/demodulators and the programming content is received via the cablemodem 141 which processes the IP streams providing programming contentreceived from the IP content server 107.

In other embodiments the gateway device 122 includes tuner/demodulators124 through 128 but does not include the cable modem 141. In still otherembodiments the gateway 122 includes both tuner/demodulator pairs 124,126 and cable modem 141. Thus it should be appreciated that a variety ofimplementations are possible and a wide variety of content playbackdevices can be supported by the gateway 122.

In some embodiments the gateway device 122 is a DOCSIS 3.0 compatiblegateway device which includes a DSG (DOCSIS Set-top Gateway) agent andwhich serves as a CMTS (cable modem termination system). While shown inthe customer premise the gateway 122 may, and in some embodiments is,located outside the customer premise, e.g., at a hubsite to which thecustomer premise is located. However, in most embodiments the gatewaydevice 122 is a residential gateway located at the customer premisesite, e.g., in the home of user, to which the set top boxes and theother playback devices serviced by the residential gateway 122correspond. In the residential gateway device, an Ethernet is often usedfor the home network although coax, wireless and/or other types of homenetworks and/or network interfaces can be and are supported in someembodiments. In a DOCSIS gateway embodiment, the set top boxes whichinteract with the gateway include a DSG client which can receive contentwhich is tunneled from the gateway 122 to the DSG client of the set topbox, e.g., over an Ethernet, a wireless connection and/or a coaxconnection to the set top box or other content playback device. In someembodiments, content is received and stored in buffers, e.g., prior tothe content being supplied from the gateway device to a content playbackdevice, e.g., in response to a trick play or other playback command.

The memory 130 includes control routines 133, a message processingmodule 134, a transcoder module 136 and a content storage 139. Thevarious modules perform various functions in accordance with theinvention. The operation of the exemplary gateway device and thefunctions of various modules are discussed later in detail. Inaccordance with one aspect of some embodiments, when a content playbackdevice such as STBs 110, 114 and/or the IP device 118 tunes to receiveprogramming content, the video gateway device 122 also tunes to receivethe same programming content using its tuner/demodulators and startsrecording the programming content. In accordance with one feature ofsome embodiments when a user instructs a content playback device, e.g.,STB or IP device, at the customer premise 104 to, e.g., rewind, orpause, the playback device sends a request to the gateway device 122requesting the gateway device 122 to supply the programming content withthe appropriate trick mode, e.g., rewind, pause etc., through the homenetwork 121. In response the gateway device 122 serves the contentplayback device the requested, e.g., paused or rewound, content streamand the user is able to perform various trick play mode actions throughthe content playback device on the content stream received from thegateway device via the home network.

Having generally discussed the exemplary system shown in FIG. 1, anexemplary method will now be discussed in detail with regard to theexample shown in FIG. 2. Elements of the system 100 shown in FIG. 1which participate in the method being described in the FIG. 2 exampleare shown at the top of FIG. 2 and bear the same reference numbers asused in FIG. 1. Messages, information, content and/or signalscommunicated between devices are represented in FIG. 2 using arrows.

At the top of FIG. 2, various elements 200 of the system 100 which mayparticipate in the exemplary method of supporting trick playback of aprogram at a customer premise in accordance with one embodiment of theinvention, are shown. The illustrated components 200 include the networkheadend/hubsite 102, content playback device, e.g., STB 114, and thegateway device 122. The BFS 140 and SDV content server 142 included inthe headend/hubsite 102 are also shown.

FIG. 2, illustrates the steps and associated signaling used in oneexemplary embodiment where a customer, located at a customer premise,e.g., CP 104, starts receiving program content from a content server atthe headend/hubsite 102 via the first network, e.g., cable network 161,and performs trick play functions with the support from the gatewaydevice 122 in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. In theillustrated embodiment the content playback device is a set top box(STB), e.g., SDV capable STB 114, however it should be appreciated thatanother type of content playback device may be used in otherembodiments.

The process starts in step 202 where the content playback devicereceives a request for program content corresponding to a program. Thecontent request may be received, e.g., when a user selects a program,e.g., from the program guide or otherwise, to watch. Such a request maybe initiated, e.g., by user making a selection using a remote control.The program may be e.g., a television show, news, movie etc. In the SDVembodiments, where the content playback device is an SDV capable STB, instep 204 the STB sends a content request signal to subscribe to theheadend/hubsite 102. The content request signal is shown using dashedarrow to indicate the signal is optional and not used in allembodiments. In some other embodiments when the content playback deviceis e.g., a DOCSIS STB, no such content request is needed and the STB mayreceive the program content by tuning to the channel on which thecontent stream is broadcast by the BFS server 140 in the headend 102.

In step 206 the SDV content server 142 receives the request andprocesses the request to identify the requested program content. In step208 the SDV server 142 sends tuning information including, e.g., channelnumber, frequency and modulation information, to the STB 114 to receivethe program content. The STB 114 receives the information over a firstnetwork, e.g., the cable network 161, and processes the information instep 210. In step 212 the content playback device sends a record messageto the gateway device 122 to trigger recording of the program content bysaid gateway device 122. In some embodiments the record message includestuning information needed for the gateway device to receive therequested program content. The gateway device 122 receives the recordmessage and tuning information in step 214 and processes theinformation. In step 214 the gateway device checks if a tune-demodulatoris available and if so allocates the tuner-demodulator to startreceiving the program content to be recorded.

In step 216 it is illustrated that a content server, e.g., BFS or theSDV depending on the embodiment, sends the content corresponding to therequested program to the devices at the customer premise over the firstnetwork, e.g., cable network 161. The program content is received by theSTB in step 218 via the cable network 161 and the STB starts outputtingthe program content, e.g., a first portion of the program to the user,e.g., on a display device. The gateway device 122 receives the programcontent and initiates recording in step 220.

In accordance with one feature of various embodiments when programcontent corresponding to a program is being output by the playbackdevice, i.e., during playback, the content playback device monitors fortrick play control signals, e.g., trick play commands, from the user onan ongoing basis. In step 222 it is illustrated that the contentplayback device receives a trick play command, e.g., to rewind, fastforward etc., from the user, e.g., a control signal indicating a trickplay action sent to the STB via a remote control. In step 224 the STBsends a trick play message to the gateway device 122 requesting thegateway device 122 to provide a second portion of the program inaccordance with the trick play command. In some embodiments the secondportion of the program can be a part of the first portion which waspreviously recorded. In various embodiments the trick play message issent to the gateway device 122 via a second network, e.g., the localhome network. In some embodiments the home network is a Ethernetnetwork. In some embodiments the home network is a WiFi network.

In step 226 the gateway device 122 receives and processes the trick playmessage and determines the requested trick play action, e.g., rewind,pause etc. Next in step 228 the gateway device 122 sends the programcontent corresponding to the second portion of the program as instructedin accordance with the trick play message. For example, if the trickplay command is a rewind command, the gateway device 122 provides, fromthe recorded/buffered program content, program content starting at apoint that satisfies the rewind trick play request. In some but notnecessarily all embodiments, the gateway device 122 performs one of atranscoding or transrating operation on the program content stream priorto sending the program content to the playback device 114 and suppliesthe transcoded or transrated program content to the playback device inresponse to the trick play message. In step 230 the STB 114 receives theprogram content in accordance with the trick play command, e.g., rewoundprogram content, from the gateway device 122 via the local home network121. Further in step 230 the STB switches from outputting programcontent received from the headend/hubsite 102 via the first network tooutputting program content received from the gateway device 122 via thehome network. Thus the content received from the gateway device 122 isoutput to the user, e.g., on the display device, in step 230.

In some embodiments the content playback device 114 continues to outputthe content received from the gateway device via the home network 121either up until a live playback point is reached or a user signal toswitch to a real time playback mode is received. The real time playbackmode, when selected, will cause the playback device to output theprogram content in real time. In various embodiments once content hasbeen paused or rewound, the gateway device 122 can also support fastforward, skip and/or other forward direction trick play requestsreceived from the playback device in response to a corresponding usercommand, e.g., sent via a control device such as a remote control. Thegateway device responds to forward direction playback requests up untilthe point of reaching a live point in the requested program. In variousembodiments the live point in the program is the point at which theoutput of the gateway device 122 catches up, i.e., matches the point atwhich content is being received by the gateway device for the programbeing output, e.g., from the content source such as the content serversin the headend/hubsite 102. In some embodiments when it is detected thata live point has been reached the playback device, e.g., STB 114, makesa decision whether to continue receiving the content in real time fromthe gateway device or to stop receiving the content from the gateway 122and output program content received from the headend/hubsite contentservers, e.g., BFS or the SDV server, via the cable network. In someembodiments when a live point is reached the gateway device 122 signals,e.g., send a message to, the STB 114 that the live point has beenreached thereby making the STB 114 aware that subsequent content will beprovided in real time as it is received by the gateway device 122. Theuser may decide to continue receiving the content in real time from thegateway device after the live point has been reached.

In various embodiments the content playback device is configured tomonitor for a user command from a user input device indicating userdesired change to a real time mode of playback operation or reaching ofthe live playback point. In step 232 it is illustrated that the STB 114detects either a switch mode signal from the user indicating to switchto a real time mode of playback, or detects a live point during theplayback of program content. In some embodiments when a switch modesignal is received and a live point in playback has not been reached,the playback device makes a decision in step 234 to stop receivingcontent from the gateway device and switch to outputting the programcontent received from the content servers via the cable network 161. InFIG. 2 example, to simplify illustration and discussion it is consideredthat when the switch mode signal is received the live point in playbackhas not been reached. Accordingly as illustrated, in step 234 the STB114 sends a stop signal to the gateway device 122 instructing thegateway device 122 to stop providing program content to the STB 114, andstarts outputting content received via the cable network from theheadend/hubsite 102 content server.

If a live point in playback has been reached when a switch mode signalis received, the playback device makes a decision in step 234 whether toswitch to outputting program content received via the first network orto continue using program content being supplied by the gateway device.In some such cases in step 234 the STB 114 makes the decision whether toswitch to outputting program content received via the first network,e.g., cable network 161, or to continue outputting program contentsupplied by the gateway device as a function of network congestion onthe second network, e.g., the home network 121, being used to supplycontent from said gateway device 122 to said playback device 114. Forexample, when a high congestion on the local network is detected theplayback device decides to switch to outputting program content receivedvia the cable network 161 which allows for a more seamless and betterviewing experience and also vacates the tuner-demodulator and bufferresources in the gateway device. In some embodiments when the decisionis to switch to outputting program content received from said firstnetwork the playback device 114 sends a stop signal to the gatewaydevice 122 instructing the gateway device 122 to stop providing programcontent to the STB 114, and starts outputting content received via thecable network from the headend/hubsite 102 content server as shown instep 234. Such a traffic congestion based decision is particularlybeneficial where local network bandwidth may be limited, e.g., when thelocal network is a WiFi or other wireless network with limited bandwidthcapability. In step 236 the gateway device 122 receives the stop signaland responds by ceasing to output the program content to the playbackdevice via the local network thus reducing the traffic load on the localnetwork. In some embodiments while the gateway device may stop supplyingcontent to the playback device it will continue to receive and recordthe program content being received by the playback device so that itwill be able to respond to any future trick play commands that may beissued by the user of the playback device.

However when the decision is to continue using program content beingsupplied by said gateway device 122, the playback device 114 refrainsfrom transmitting the stop signal and continues to receive the programcontent in real time from said gateway device 122. In such a case theplayback device continues to output the program content received fromthe gateway device 122.

In some embodiments the network loading conditions for the local network121 may be directly communicated to the playback device, e.g., STB 114,via a network controller, router or other network element aware of localnetwork load or detected by the STB 114. In some embodiments lostpackets, high packet jitter and/or a lower than desired achieved datarate over the local network is interpreted by the STB 114 as anindication of congestion on local network 121.

FIG. 3 is a drawing 300 illustrating the steps and associated signalingused in one exemplary embodiment of the invention where the contentplayback device is an IP capable device, e.g., such as a cell phone, IPset top box, a tablet device such as an iPAD, computer etc. Elements ofthe system 100 shown in FIG. 1 which participate in the exemplary methodof supporting trick playback of a program at a customer premise inaccordance with one embodiment of the invention, are shown at the top ofFIG. 3 and bear the same reference numbers as used in FIG. 1. Theillustrated components include the network headend/hubsite 102 whichincludes content servers 140, 142, IP capable content server 107, cablemodem 120, IP capable content playback device 118, and the gatewaydevice 122. In various embodiments the IP capable content playbackdevice 118 and the gateway device 122 communicate over the local network121.

Some of the signaling and processing shown in FIG. 3 embodiment issimilar to the one illustrated in FIG. 2 example, however the signalingin FIG. 3 embodiments is well suited to support the features of thepresent invention for IP capable content playback devices such as IPdevice 118. It should be noted that in accordance with one aspect ofvarious embodiments an IP capable device normally receives real timeprogramming content from an IP capable content server via the first,e.g., cable network 161, in a format well suited for the IP contentplayback device 118. In some embodiments the IP capable content server107 is located external to the headend/hubsite 102.

In accordance with the features of some embodiments of the invention theIP capable playback device 118 performs trick play functions with thesupport from the gateway device 122. The exemplary process starts instep 302 where the IP playback device 118 receives an input indicating arequest to playback a program e.g., a television show, news, movie etc.The content request may be received in variety of ways, e.g., userselection of a program via a remote control, selection of the program ona touch screen of the IP playback device 118, or in various other ways.In step 304 the IP playback device 118 sends a content request signal tothe IP content server 107, e.g., requesting a unicast content streamfrom the IP capable content server 107. It should be appreciated that invarious embodiments a signal from the IP capable device 118, e.g., suchas the content request in step 304, going out to an external network orserver as the IP content server 107 goes through the cable modem 120.Similarly the signals and content stream coming from an external networkor server to the IP capable device 118 goes through the cable modem 120.

In step 306 the IP content server 107 receives the request and processesthe request to identify the requested program content. In Step 308 theIP playback device 118 sends a record message to the gateway device 122to trigger recording of the program content by said gateway device 122.In some embodiments the record message includes program identificationinformation and/or one or more parameters for the gateway device toidentify and receive the requested program. The gateway device 122receives the record message along with the program identificationinformation and/or relevant parameters in step 310 and processes theinformation. In the illustrated embodiment, further in step 310 thegateway device 122 checks if a tune-demodulator is available and if soallocates the tuner-demodulator so that the identified program contentcan be received and recorded. Furthermore, in various embodiments thegateway device 122 tunes to the channel over which the identifiedprogram is broadcast from the headend/hubsite 102 in order to receivethe identified program.

In step 316 it is illustrated that the IP capable content server 107sends the content corresponding to the requested program over the firstnetwork, e.g., cable network 161, to the IP content playback device 118.The program content is received by the IP playback device 118 in step318 through the cable modem 120 and the IP playback device 118 startsoutputting the program content, e.g., a first portion of the program tothe user. Thus it should be appreciated that in various embodiments theprogram content sent via the cable network 161 is received by the IPplayback device 118 through the cable modem 120. In step 320 the gatewaydevice 122 receives the content corresponding to the requested programfrom the headend/hubsite, e.g., from BFS 140, via the first network 161and the gateway device 122 initiates recording the content.

In various embodiments the IP playback device 118 monitors for trickplay control signals, e.g., trick play commands, from the user while theprogram content corresponding to the requested program is being output.In step 322 the IP capable playback device 118 receives a trick playcommand, e.g., to rewind, fast forward etc., from the user. In step 324the IP playback device 118 sends a trick play message to the gatewaydevice 122 requesting the gateway device 122 to provide a second portionof the program in accordance with the trick play command. In someembodiments the second portion of the program can be a part of the firstportion which was previously recorded. In various embodiments the trickplay message is sent to the gateway device 122 via a second network,e.g., over the local home network 121.

In step 326 the gateway device 122 receives and processes the trick playmessage and determines the requested trick play action, e.g., rewind,pause etc. It should be noted that the recorded program content recordedby the gateway device 122 may not be in a format suitable for the IPcapable playback device 118. For example the format may not be suitablefor transport to and/or playback by the IP device 118. Accordingly insome embodiments following the receipt of trick play message the gatewaydevice 122 performs at least one of a transcoding or a transratingoperation on the recorded program content to generate program contentsuitable for the IP capable device 118. In some embodiments the gatewaydevice transcodes and/or transrates the program content to generate aprogram content stream appropriate for the IP playback device 118,packages the stream in HLS (HTTP live stream), protects the stream withappropriate DRM (digital rights management) prior to transmitting theprogram content stream to the IP capable device 118 over the homenetwork 121. In step 328 the gateway device 122 sends the programcontent stream in accordance with the trick play message to the IPcapable device 118 as illustrated in the Figure. In step 330 the IPcapable device 118 receives the program content in accordance with thetrick play command from the gateway device 122 via the local homenetwork 121. Further in step 330 the IP capable device 118 switches fromoutputting program content received from the IP content server 107 viathe first network 161 to outputting program content received from thegateway device 122 via the home network 121. Thus the content receivedfrom the gateway device 122 is output to the user in step 330.Furthermore in some embodiments following the receipt of program contentfrom the gateway device 122, the IP capable device 118 sends atermination signal to the IP content server 107 instructing to stopsending the unicast program content stream. The termination signal is anoptional signal as indicated by dashed arrow and may not be sent by theIP capable device 118 in all embodiments. However it helps avoidingunnecessary wastage of cable network bandwidth and other resources whichare consumed in sending, receiving, and processing the content streamwhen this content is not being output by the IP capable device 118. Inthe embodiments where such a termination signal is sent, the IP capablecontent server 107 receiving the terminal signal responds by terminatingthe unicast program content stream as illustrated in step 331.

In various embodiments the IP capable playback device 118 monitors for auser command indicating a user desired change to a real time mode ofplayback operation and for reaching of the live playback point duringthe playback. In step 332 it is illustrated that the IP capable device118 detects either a switch mode signal from the user indicating toswitch to a real time mode of playback, or detects a live point duringthe playback of program content. In some embodiments when a switch modesignal is received and a live point in playback has not been reached,the IP playback device 118 makes a decision in step 334 to stopreceiving content from the gateway device and switch to outputting theprogram content provided by the IP capable content server 107 via thecable network 161. For simplicity and discussion purposes consider thatwhen the switch mode signal is received the live point in playback hasnot been reached. Accordingly as illustrated, in step 334 the IP capabledevice 118 sends a stop signal to the gateway device 122 instructing thegateway device 122 to stop providing program content stream to the IPdevice 118, and starts outputting program content received from the IPcapable content server 107 assuming that the unicast content stream fromthe IP content server 107 was not terminated earlier. In step 336 thegateway device 122 receives the stop signal and responds by ceasing tooutput the program content to the IP capable playback device 118 via thelocal network thus reducing the traffic load on the local network. Insome embodiments while the gateway device 122 stops supplying content tothe playback device it continues to receive and record the programcontent so that can respond to any future trick play commands that maybe issued by the user of the IP capable playback device 118.

In the embodiments where the program content stream from the IP contentserver 107 was terminated (e.g., as in step 331) the IP device 118 instep 334 sends a resume content request to the IP capable content server107 which receives the request in step 338. This optional signaling isshown with dashed arrows with the associated steps 334, and 338. In somesuch embodiments if the content stream was earlier terminated, then asillustrated in step 340 the IP content server 107 resumes sending theprogram content stream over the cable network 161 to the IP capabledevice 118. In step 342 the IP capable device 118 receives the programcontent stream and resumes outputting the program content.

If a live point in playback has been reached when a switch mode signalis received, the IP capable playback device 118 makes a decision in step334 whether to switch to outputting program content received from the IPcontent server 107 or to continue using program content being suppliedby the gateway device 122 over the home network 121. In some such casesin step 334 the IP capable playback device 118 makes the decisionwhether to switch to outputting program content received from the IPcontent server 107, or to continue outputting program content suppliedby the gateway device e.g., based on the quality of content, e.g., videoand/or audio, being output. The IP capable device 118 may decide tocontinue to receive and output the program content received from thegateway device 122 even after the live playback point has been reachedor may decide to resume the content stream from the IP content server107. In some such embodiments when the decision is to continue usingprogram content being supplied by said gateway device 122 over the homenetwork 121, the IP capable playback device 118 refrains fromtransmitting the stop signal to the gateway device 122 and continues toreceive the program content in real time from said gateway device 122.

In the embodiments where the gateway device 122 includes a cable modem141 but not the traditional QAM tuner-demodulators, upon receiving arequest to record in step 310 the gateway device 122 subscribes, e.g.,to IP multicast stream, e.g., from the IP content server 107, to receivethe requested program content to be recorded. The program content isthen supplied from the gateway device 122 over the home network 121 inresponse to a pause or other trick play request.

FIG. 4 is a drawing 400 illustrating the exemplary gatewaycommunications device 122 and various elements of the gateway device ingreater detail. As discussed below, the exemplary gateway device 122implements/perform various functions that allow content playback deviceswithout DVR capability to perform various trick play functions inaccordance with various features of the inventions.

As shown, the gateway device 122 includes a processor 128, firstinterface, e.g., cable network interface 131, a second interface, e.g.,home network interface 132, and a storage device, e.g. a memory 130coupled together via a bus 129. The various elements of the gatewaydevice 122 can exchange data and information over the bus 129. In someembodiments the video gateway device 122, in addition to the abovediscussed elements, includes a cable modem 141 and/or one or more tunersand demodulator pairs 124 through 126 which can be used to receive videoand/or data content. In one embodiment the gateway 122 receivesprogramming content via IP streams which can then be recorded and/orsupplied to one or more set top boxes or IP devices, e.g., via the homenetwork. In some embodiments the cable modem 141 is included in thegateway device 122 and the gateway device 122 does not includetraditional tuner/demodulator pairs 124 through 128. In such anembodiment the gateway device 122 does not include traditional QAMtuner/demodulators and the programming content is received via the cablemodem 141 which processes the IP streams providing programming contentreceived from the IP content server 107. In other embodiments thegateway device 122 includes tuner/demodulators 124 through 128 but doesnot the cable modem 141. In still other embodiments the gateway 122includes both tuner/demodulator pairs 124, 126 and cable modem 141. Thusit should be appreciated that a variety of implementations are possibleand a wide variety of content playback devices can be supported by thegateway 122.

Via the first interface 131, the gateway device 122 can exchange signalsand/or information with other devices and/or system elements such as theservers in the network head end 102, via the first, e.g., cable network161. The first interface 131 supports the receipt and/or transmission ofcontent, and/or other information from/to different servers, e.g., theBFS, SDV server, etc. Each tuner-demodulator pairs in the plurality oftuner/demodulator pairs 124 through 126 is capable of tuning to a givenfrequency bands to receive programming content and demodulating thereceived content and/or information. The tuner/demodulator pairs 124through 126 work under the control of processor 128 and the tunercontrol module 137.

Via the second interface 132, e.g., home network interface, the gatewaydevice 122 can exchange signals and/or information with other variouscustomer premise equipments such as the content playback devices 110,114, and 118 via the second, e.g., home network 121. The secondinterface 132 supports the receipt and/or transmission of content,and/or other information over the home network 121 from/to the variouscustom premise equipments. For example in various embodiments therecorded program content is supplied to the content playback devicesover the home network 121 via the home network interface 132 inaccordance with the features of various embodiments of the invention.

The processor 128, e.g., a CPU, executes routines 133 and one or moremodules and controls the gateway device 122 to operate in accordancewith the invention. The processor 128 is responsible for controlling thegeneral operation of the gateway device 122. To control the gatewaydevice 122, the processor 128 uses information, various modules and/orroutines including instructions stored in memory 130.

In addition to the routines 133, the memory 130 includes a messageprocessing module 134, a transcoder and transrating module 136, a tunercontrol module 137, a content supply control module 138 and a contentstorage.

Routines 133 include communications routines and/or device controlroutines. The message processing module 134 is configured to processvarious messages and signals received by the gateway device 122 from thecontent playback devices. For example the message processing module 134receives recording request messages and trick play messages from thecontent playback devices and provides information to the processor 128and/or the one or more other modules to take further action in responseto the received messages.

The transcoding and transrating module 136 is configured to performtranscoding and transrating operation on program content in accordancewith the invention. Thus in some embodiments when the gateway device 122needs to perform transcoding and transrating operation on the programcontent stream, e.g., recorded program content, the transcoding andtransrating module 136 is used to perform such operations prior tosending the content stream to the content playback devices.

The tuner control module 137 controls the tuner-demodulator pairs byproviding them with information and/or parameters needed to tune to agiven channel to receive program content at a given time. The tunercontrol module 137 manages the allocation of tuner-demodulator pairs toone or more content playback devices and keeps track of whichtuner-demodulators are available at a given time and which ones havebeen assigned to content play back devices for recording requestedcontent. In some embodiments the tuner control module 137 receivestuning information and/or other parameters from the message processingmodule 134 which receives and processes recording messages from thecontent playback devices. The tuning information and/or other parametersare then used by the tuner control module 137 to control the operationof the tuner-demodulators.

The content supply control module 138 controls the supply of programcontent to the content playback devices over the home network inaccordance with a received trick play command. The content supplycontrol module 138 is also responsive to the stop content message (asdiscussed in steps 234, 236 in FIG. 2) and upon receipt of the stopcontent message control the gateway device to stop supplying the programcontent. In some embodiments when a playback device supports a differentrate and/or coding scheme/format than that which is used by the gatewaydevice 122, the content supply control module 138 supplies transcoded ortransrated program content, generated by the transcoding and transratingmodule 136 using recorded program content, to the content playbackdevice in response to a trick play command from the content playbackdevice. The content storage 139 includes a plurality of buffers, e.g.,time shift buffers, for recording program content. The content storage139 includes buffers 1 124′ through K 126′ corresponding to thetuner-demodulator pairs 1 124 through K 126′ and/or content received viathe cable modem 141. When assigned by the gateway device an individualbuffer from the buffers 1 124′ through K 126′ record the program contentreceived over the cable network 161 by the correspondingtuner-demodulator pair in the plurality of tuner-demodulator pair 1 124through K 126. Additional buffers may be included for storing programcontent received via the cable modem 141. In addition the contentstorage 139 further includes one or more additional buffers such as thebuffer X 135. In some embodiments the additional buffer X 135 is used torecord program content received from a content playback device at thecustomer premise over the home network. This may occur in someembodiments when the tuner-demodulator pairs 124 though 126 are occupiedand the gateway device 122 receives a request from a playback device torecord content. In such cases the content playback device providesdemodulated content to the gateway device 122 over the home network forrecording.

As noted above, while some embodiments include both the cable modem andtuner demodulator pairs, some gateway device embodiments do not includea cable modem while other gateway embodiments include a cable modem butdo not include traditional QAM tuner/demodulators normally used in olderset top boxes to receive video content.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary content playback device 500, e.g., a settop box, implemented in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. Thecontent playback device 500 may be used as any one of the STBs 110, 114of the system shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the content playback device 500is coupled to a display device 503, e.g. a monitor and/or a Television(TV). The STB 500 includes an Input/Output (I/O) interface 502, a homenetwork interface 504, a processor 506, a codec (Coder/Decoder) 508, anda memory 512 coupled together via a bus 510. The various elements of thecontent playback device 500 can exchange data and information over thebus 510.

Via the I/O interface 502, the content playback device 500 can exchangesignals and/or information with other devices and/or system elementssuch as the servers in the network headend/hubsite 102, via the cablenetwork 161. The I/O interface 502 supports the receipt and/ortransmission of content, application data and/or other informationfrom/to different servers, e.g., the BFS, SDV server, etc. The I/Ointerface 502 in some embodiments also includes, e.g., an infraredsignal receiver to receive signals from a user remote control device.Thus in some embodiments the I/O module 502 may include, in addition toa cable network interface, an IR or radio interface for receivingsignals from a remote control device. The I/O interface 502 includes amodem 550 which supports receiving content. The I/O interface 502further includes a QAM tuner 552 and a demodulator 554. The QAM tuner552 receives programming content from a channel to which the contentplayback device 500 tunes. The demodulator 554 demodulates the receivedcontent and/or information.

Via the home network interface 504 the content playback device 500 canexchange signals and/or information with other various customer premiseequipments such as the gateway device 122. The home network interface504 supports the receipt and/or transmission of content, and/or otherinformation over the home network 121 from/to the gateway device 122 viathe home network interface 504. For example in various embodiments therecorded program content is supplied by the gateway device to thecontent playback device 500 over the home network 121 via the homenetwork interface 132 in accordance with the features of variousembodiments of the invention.

The processor 506, e.g., a CPU, executes routines 514 and one or moremodules and controls the playback device 500 to operate in accordancewith the invention. The processor 506 is responsible for controlling thegeneral operation of the device 500 including, e.g., presentation ofinformation and/or programs for display. To control the device 500, theprocessor 506 uses information, various modules and/or routinesincluding instructions stored in memory 512. The Codec 508 isimplemented as a module and is capable of performing encoding and/ordecoding operations on a digital data stream or signal.

In addition to the routines 514, the memory 512 includes a user inputdetection module 516, a tuner control module 518, a monitoring module520, a recording request generation module 522, a trick play messagegeneration module 524, a program content presentation module 526, adetermination module 528, and a stop message generation module 530, anddevice identification information 542.

Routines 514 include communications routines and/or device controlroutines. User input detection module 516 detects a user input, e.g.,input from a user received by the device 500. The user input may be sentby a control device such as a remote control, or by other means, e.g.,selecting an option by pressing a button on the device or icon on atouch screen etc. User input signals from a remote control may bereceived via I/O module 502. The user input detection module 516determines, on receipt of an input, e.g., a control signal providinguser input, what type of selection has been made by the user, e.g., achannel selection instructing to tune to a specific channel, a trickplay command to perform a trick play function, a program guideselection, or another input indicating a user desired change in aplayback mode in which the playback device 500 operates, etc. The userinput detection module 516 is further configured to monitor to detect atrick play command received from a user control device (e.g., remotecontrol). In some embodiments the user input detection module 516 isfurther configured to monitor for a user command from a user inputdevice indicating user desired change to a real time mode of playbackoperation.

The tuner control module 518 is configured to control the tuner 552 totune to a frequency corresponding to a program channel to be viewed.This may be a user selected channel or, a channel to be tuned to wheninstructed by a server in the headend/hubsite 102. The monitoring module520 is configured to monitor to detect reaching of a live playback pointduring playback of content supplied by the gateway device 122, the liveplayback point being a current point at which program content is beingsupplied from a content source via the first network.

The recording request generation module 522 is configured to generate arecording request for the gateway device to record program contentcorresponding to a program. In some embodiments the generation module522 also includes program identification information, tuning informationand/or other relevant parameters that the gateway device may need toreceive the program content for recording. In various embodiments theprocessor 506 is configured to send the recording request to the gatewaydevice requesting the gateway device to record program contentcorresponding to a selected program. The recording request in variousembodiments is sent to the gateway device 122 over the home network 121.

The trick play message generation module 524 is configured to generate atrick play message, the trick play message being a request to thegateway device to provide a portion of the program in accordance with atrick play command, e.g., a rewind, pause command. In variousembodiments the processor 506 is configured to send the trick playmessage to the gateway device 122 over the home network 121 when theinput detection module 516 detects a trick play command received from auser control device.

In various embodiments the processor 506 is configured to control thedevice 500 to receive program content in accordance with the trick playcommand from the gateway device over the local home network, e.g., viathe home network interface 504.

The program content output control module 526 is configured to controlthe presentation and playback of program content from the playbackdevice 500 to the user, e.g., on the display device 503. For exampleduring normal content playback operation the program content outputcontrol module 526 controls the playback device to output a firstportion of a selected program received over a first network, e.g., cablenetwork, from a content server, e.g., from BFS or SDV server. When atrick play command is received and the playback device receives recordedprogram content in accordance with the trick play command from thegateway device, the program content output control module 526 controlsthe playback device 500 to switch from outputting program contentreceived via the first network, to outputting program content receivedfrom the gateway device over the home network.

The determination module 528 is configured to determine and decidewhether the gateway device 500 should switch to outputting programcontent received over the first network, e.g., via I/O interface 502 orto continue using program content being supplied by the gateway deviceover the home network, e.g., via home network interface 504, when a userinput device indicating user desired change to a real time mode ofplayback operation is detected or when a live playback point is reachedduring content playback. In some embodiments the decision whether toswitch to outputting program content received via said first network orto continue using program content being supplied by said gateway deviceis performed as a function of network congestion on the second, e.g.,home network, being used to supply content from the gateway device tosaid playback device 500.

In accordance with some features of the invention, when the playbackdevice 500 is outputting program content the program content receivedover the home network from the gateway device and the determinationmodule 528 makes a decision to switch to outputting program contentreceived over the first network, then the output control module 526controls the playback device 500 to switch to switch to outputtingprogram content received from said first network to the user, e.g., onthe display device 503. If the determination module 528 makes a decisionto switch to continue outputting program content received over thesecond network (e.g., home network), then the output control module 526controls the playback device 500 to continue outputting the programcontent received from the gateway device.

The stop message generation module 530 is configured to generate a stopcontent message including an instruction for the gateway device to stopproviding program content to the playback device 500. In variousembodiments such a stop message is generated by the generation module530 when the determination module 528 decides to switch to outputtingprogram content received over the first network from outputting thecontent received from the gateway device. When the when thedetermination module 528 makes the decision to switch to outputtingprogram content received over the first network, the processor 506controls the gateway device 500 to send the stop message to the gatewaydevice over the home network via the home network interface 504.

In some embodiments, one or more of the various modules discussed abovework in coordination, e.g., with operations being merged to perform afunction, to produce a desired output in accordance with the exemplarymethods of the invention.

The device identification information 532 may include, e.g., MediaAccess Control (MAC) address of the playback device 500 or some otheridentifier identifying the playback device 500.

An exemplary method of supporting trick playback of a program (e.g.,movie, television show, etc) at a customer premise, in accordance withsome embodiments, comprises: operating a playback device (e.g., STB) atthe customer premise to send a message to a gateway device located atsaid customer premise to trigger recording of said program by saidgateway device; operating the playback device to receive program contentcorresponding to said program via a first network (e.g., a cablenetwork); operating the playback device to output a first portion ofsaid program; operating the playback device to monitor for trick playcommands (e.g., pause, rewind, fast forward) during playback of saidcontent; and in response to said monitoring detecting a trick playcommand received from a user control device (e.g., remote control),sending a trick play message to the gateway device requesting saidgateway device to provide a second portion of said program in accordancewith said trick play command. The second portion can be part of saidfirst portion which was previously recorded, e.g., one or more framessupplied in response to a rewind, pause or other trick play command.

In some embodiments the gateway device is operated to receive theprogram content via said first network in parallel with the playbackdevice receiving said program content via the first network.

In some embodiments the exemplary method further includes: operatingsaid playback device to receive program content in accordance with saidtrick play command from said gateway device; and operating said playbackdevice to switch from outputting program content received via said firstnetwork to outputting program content received from said gateway device.

In some embodiments operating the playback device to receive programcontent from the gateway device includes operating the playback deviceto receive program content via a second network, said second networkbeing a local network located at said customer premise.

In some embodiments the exemplary method further includes: operating theplayback device to: monitor for a user command from a user input deviceindicating user desired change to a real time mode of playback operationor reaching of a live playback point, said live playback point is acurrent point at which program content is being supplied from a contentsource via the first network; and make a decision whether to switch tooutputting program content received via said first network or tocontinue using program content being supplied by said gateway device.

In some embodiments making a decision whether to switch to outputtingprogram content received via said first network or to continue usingprogram content being supplied by said gateway device is performed as afunction of network congestion on said second network being used tosupply content from the gateway device to said playback device.

In some embodiments the exemplary method further includes: operating theplayback device to send, when said decision is to switch to outputtingprogram content received from said first network, a stop message to thegateway device instructing the gateway device to stop providing programcontent to the playback device.

In some embodiments the exemplary method further includes operating theplayback device to continue, when said decision is to continue usingprogram content being supplied by said gateway device, to receive theprogram content in real time from the gateway device.

In some embodiments the exemplary method further includes operating thegateway device to perform at least one of transcoding or transrating onthe recorded program content; and supply the transcoded or transratedprogram content to said playback device in response to the trick playmessage.

In some embodiments the playback device is an IP capable device whichreceives program content from an IP capable content server. In someembodiments the gateway device receives said program content from anetwork source (e.g., a content server in cable headend, hubsite or aswitched digital video source) which is different from the IP capablecontent server. In some embodiments the network source is one of abroadcast file server or a switched digital video content server. Insome embodiments the first network is a cable network and the secondnetwork is an Ethernet network.

An exemplary system that supports trick playback of a program (e.g.,movie, television show, etc) at a customer premise, in accordance withsome embodiments, comprises: a gateway device located at said customerpremise; and a content play back device at said customer premise. Insome embodiments the content playback device comprises a request messagegeneration module configured to generate a request message requestingrecording of said program by said gateway device; a first interfaceincluding a receiver configured to receive program content correspondingto said program via a first network; a content output control moduleconfigured to output a first portion of said program; an input detectionmodule configured to monitor for trick play commands during playback ofsaid content; and a trick play message generation module configured togenerate a trick play message to send to the gateway device requestingsaid gateway device to provide a second portion of said program inaccordance with said trick play command, said trick play message beingsent to the gateway device in response to detecting a trick play commandreceived from a user control device.

In some embodiments the gateway device includes an interface configuredto receive said program content via said first network in parallel withsaid playback device receiving said program content via the firstnetwork. In some embodiments the content playback device furtherincludes a second interface configured to receive program content inaccordance with said trick play command from said gateway device. Insome embodiments the content output control module is further configuredto control the playback device to switch from outputting program contentreceived via said first network to outputting program content receivedfrom said gateway device.

In some embodiments the second interface of said content playback deviceis further configured to receive program content from said gatewaydevice via a second network, said second network being a local networklocated at said customer premise.

In some embodiments the input detection module is further configured tomonitor for a user command from a user input device indicating userdesired change to a real time mode of playback operation or reaching ofa live playback point, said live playback point being a current point atwhich program content is being supplied from a content source via thefirst network. In some embodiments the content playback device furtherincludes a determination module configured to decide whether saidcontent playback device is to switch to outputting program contentreceived via said first network or to continue using program contentbeing supplied by said gateway device. In some embodiments thedetermination module is configured to decide whether said contentplayback device is to switch to outputting program content received viasaid first network or to continue using program content being suppliedby said gateway device as a function of network congestion on saidsecond network being used to supply content from said gateway device tosaid playback device.

In some embodiments the content playback device further includes a stopmessage generation module configured to generate a stop messagecommunicating an instruction to the gateway device to stop providingprogram content to said playback device via the second interface, andthe content playback device is further configured to send, e.g., via thesecond interface, said stop message to said gateway device when saiddetermination module decides that the content playback device is toswitch to outputting program content received via said first network.

In some embodiments the gateway device further comprises a transcodingand transrating module configured to perform at least one of transcodingor transrating on recorded program content, and a content supply controlmodule configured to control supply of transcoded or transrated programcontent to said content playback device in response to said trick playmessage.

In some embodiments the content playback device is a set top box. Insome embodiments the content playback device is an IP capable devicesuch as one of a cellular phone, a tablet device, a laptop, or aninternet capable Television.

Various examples in which the methods and apparatus of the presentinvention may be used will now be discussed:

EXAMPLE 1

A playback device, e.g., STB (set top box) tunes to a live TV streamusing its local QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation) tuner anddemodulates and outputs the received TV program content, e.g., to adisplay device coupled to the playback device or integrated into theplayback device. A video gateway with DVR capability receives a messagecontaining the details of the tune (i.e. QAM triplet) from the STBthrough a standard or proprietary method, e.g., via message sent over alocal network coupling the video gateway and STB. The video gateway, ifit has a tuner available, also tunes to that same live TV stream as theSTB using its local QAM tuner, and then begins recording the live TVstream in a time shift buffer (TSB). When a user presses pause or rewindon the STB, that STB requests the content corresponding to the receivedtrick play command from the video gateway indicating the appropriatetrick mode. The content may then be streamed from the gateway to the STBin a secure form with the STB being a DLNA compliant device and thestreaming being implemented in accordance with DLNA requirements, e.g.,security requirements. The video gateway serves the STB the paused orrewound content, i.e. program stream, and the user is able to performnormal time shift buffer supported actions, e.g., trick play operations,through the STB which communicates received trick play commands to theuser to the video gateway which alters the content stream to the STBaccordingly to satisfy the trick play request.

In one embodiment of this process when the STB user returns to the“live” point in the time shift buffer, e.g., the content is streamed assoon as it is received and stored in the buffer, the STB resumes, i.e.,shifts the source of the content output to the display, back to itslocal QAM tuner away from the stream being supplied by the videogateway. This allow the gateway to reclaim its tuner if it is need tosupport a higher priority feature than supporting trick play on the STB.In a different embodiment of this process the STB continues to displaycontent received from the video gateway, even if the user is watching“live”, i.e., as the content is received by the gateway from thenetwork. This may allow a more seamless experience since switching backto the local tuner is not required. However, such an approach requirescontinued use of the local network. In some embodiments the decisionwhether to switch to the local tuner upon reaching the live point isbased on local network congestion with a high level of networkcongestion and/or a high load on the local network which might interferewith reliable receipt of the content stream being used to triggerswitching back to the local tuner thereby reducing the load on the localnetwork.

EXAMPLE 2

In this example, the methods and apparatus of the present invention areapplied to an IP set top box which has access to a video gateway devicewith DVR capability via a local network. In such an embodiment, the IPSTB subscribes to a multicast stream directly from an IP content server,e.g., IPTV,-over-DOCSIS network. While a cable modem or other devicestill translates the video signal from DOCSIS to Ethernet, this is stilla similar situation to Example 1, in that the cable modem will receivethe content from the cable network during normal playback operation andsupply the content received via the cable network to the IP set top boxor other IP capable playback device. The cable modem may be integrateddirectly into the IP set top box in some embodiments.

When the IP STB subscribes to the multicast IPTV stream, the videogateway is also controlled to subscribe to the multicast stream andbegins recording the content of the multicast stream. The rest of thedetails are similar to Example 1. When a user presses pause or rewind onthe IP STB, the IP STB requests the content from the video gatewaydevice in accordance with the trick play request. The contents are thenreceived, via the local network, form the video gateway in accordancewith the trick play request in compliance with DLNA and then decoded andoutput for display. When the user reaches the “live” point in theprogram stream, the IP STB can remain on the video feed from the videogateway or it can resume outputting content obtained via its multicastsubscription with the decision to switch from the gateway being made inthe same or similar manner to the way in which the decision to switch ismade in Example 1.

EXAMPLE 3

An iPad or other IP capable playback device requests a unicast programstream from an IP content server. This can be done via a simple CableModem through which content can be received from the IP content sever.In such an embodiment, the video gateway is sent a message indicatingthe program and/or program channel to be recorded. In response the videogateway tunes to a program channel on which the identified program issupplied and starts recording that same program with its local QAMtuner. Note that the stream that the video gateway records is notnecessarily in an appropriate format for the iPad or other IP playbackdevice and may require transcoding and/or transrating by the gatewayprior to being supplied to the iPad or other IP playback device.

When a user presses pause or rewind on the iPad or other IP playbackdevice, the iPad then begins requesting a stream from the video gatewayin accordance with the received trick play command. In some embodimentsthe request message includes information indicating one or more codingformats and/or date rates supported by the iPad or other IP playbackdevice. The video gateway receives the request and transcodes and/ortransrates the recorded content to a format supported by the iPad orother requesting IP playback device in the event the content is notalready in a format supported by the requesting device. The content isformatted and packetized and protected with the appropriate digitalrights management, e.g., encryption, prior to being transmitted to therequesting device over the home network. In at least some embodimentsthe transmission to the IP playback device is over standard HTTP and notover DLNA. The receiving device decrypts, decodes and take any othernecessary steps to recover the communicated content and then outputs thecontent received from the gateway to the display on or attached to theIP playback device thereby supporting the trick play request made by theuser of the IP playback device.

When the user reaches the “live” point in the stream, the iPad or otherIP playback device can either remain displaying the video gateway feedor it can resume outputting content received from the IP content serverwithout having passed through the gateway device.

The above examples are provided to facilitate understanding of some ofthe many various embodiments supported by the methods and apparatus ofthe invention and are not intended to be limiting in nature.

In various embodiments system elements described herein are implementedusing one or more modules which are used to perform the stepscorresponding to one or more methods of the present invention, forexample, receiving program content corresponding to a program over afirst network, sending a record message to a gateway device, processingprogram content, sending a trick play message to a gateway device etc.

In the above described methods, in some embodiments, each step may beperformed by one or more different software instructions executed by acomputer processor, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU). At least onesystem implemented in accordance with the present invention includes ameans for implementing each of the various steps which are part of themethods of the present invention. Each means may be, e.g., aninstruction, processor, hardware circuit and/or combination of elementsused to implement a described step.

Many of the above described methods or method steps can be implementedusing machine, e.g., computer, executable instructions, such assoftware, included in a non-transitory machine, e.g., computer, readablemedium used to control a machine, e.g., general purpose computer with orwithout additional hardware, to implement all or portions of the abovedescribed methods, e.g., in one or more nodes. The machine readablemedium may be, e.g., a memory device, e.g., RAM, floppy disk, etc.Accordingly, among other things, the present invention is directed to amachine-readable medium including machine executable instructions forcausing a machine, e.g., processor and associated hardware, to performone or more of the steps of the above-described method(s).

Numerous additional embodiments, within the scope of the presentinvention, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art inview of the above description and the claims which follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of receiving and using content at acustomer premise, the method comprising: operating both a gateway deviceand a playback device at the customer premise to both receive content ofa program in parallel from a first network; operating the gateway deviceto store the content of the program; operating the playback device toreceive content from the gateway device located at said customerpremise, said content being content of the program which was receivedand stored at the gateway device and which is being supplied by thegateway device, via a second network, to the playback device as part ofa trick play operation; operating the playback device to monitor for auser command from a user input device indicating user desired change toa real time mode of playback operation or reaching of a live playbackpoint, said live playback point being a current point at which programcontent is being supplied from a content source via the first network;and making a decision based on network congestion on the second network,in response to the user command from the user input device indicatingthe user desired change to a real time mode of playback operation or inresponse to reaching of a live playback point, whether to switch tooutputting program content of the program received at the playbackdevice from the first network or to outputting program content beingsupplied via the second network by said gateway device that was receivedby the gateway device from the first network.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein said first network is a network which connects said playbackdevice and said gateway device to a source of the program contentoutside said customer premise; wherein said second network is a homenetwork located in said customer premise.
 3. The method of claim 2,further comprising: sending, when said decision is to switch tooutputting program content received via said first network, a stopmessage to said gateway device instructing the gateway device to stopproviding program content to said playback device.
 4. The method ofclaim 3, further comprising: continuing, when said decision is to outputprogram content being supplied by said gateway device, to receive saidprogram content in real time from said gateway device via the secondnetwork.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: operating saidgateway device to perform at least one of transcoding or transrating onthe recorded program content; and supplying said transcoded ortransrated program content to said playback device in response to atrick play message.
 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:operating the playback device to make an assessment of congestion on thesecond network prior to making said decision whether to switch tooutputting program content of the first program received at the playbackdevice from the first network or to output program content beingsupplied by said gateway device that was received by the gateway devicefrom the first network via the second network.
 7. The method of claim 6,further comprising: operating the gateway device to stop using a tunerto receive said program content, while said first network is providingsaid program content to the playback device, following said playbackdevice making a decision to switch to outputting program content of theprogram received at the playback device from the first network.
 8. Themethod of claim 2, further comprising: operating the playback device toreceive network congestion information from a network controller, saidreceived network congestion information being used in making saiddecision.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network is a cablenetwork.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said playback devicereceives said content from the gateway device via a first networkinterface which is different from a second network interface used toreceive program content from the first network.
 11. A system forsupporting trick playback of a program at a customer premise comprising:a gateway device comprising: an interface to receive content of aprogram via a first network; and memory to store the content of theprogram; and a playback device, said playback device comprising: a firstinterface to receive content of the program via the first network; asecond interface to receive content from said gateway device located atsaid customer premise, said content being content of the program whichwas received and stored at the gateway device and which is beingsupplied to the playback device by the gateway device, via a secondnetwork, as part of a trick play operation; an input detection module tomonitor for a user command from a user input device indicating userdesired change to a real time mode of playback operation; a monitoringmodule to detect reaching of a live playback point, said live playbackpoint being a current point at which program content is being suppliedfrom a content source via the first network; and a determination moduleto make a decision based on network congestion on the second network, inresponse to the user command from the user input device indicating theuser desired change to a real time mode of playback operation or inresponse to reaching of a live playback point, whether to switch tooutputting program content received at the playback device via saidfirst network which supplies the content in real time or to outputprogram content being supplied via the second network by said gatewaydevice that was received by the gateway device from the first network.12. The system of claim 11, wherein said second network is a homenetwork located in said customer premise.
 13. The system of claim 12,wherein said playback device further includes a stop message generationmodule to generate a stop message communicating an instruction to thegateway device to stop providing program content to said playbackdevice; and wherein said playback device sends said stop message to saidgateway device when said decision is to switch to outputting programcontent received from said first network.
 14. The system of claim 13,wherein said playback device continues, when said determination modulemakes a decision to output program content being supplied by saidgateway device, to receive said program content in real time from saidgateway device via the second network.
 15. The system of claim 14,wherein said gateway device further comprises: a transcoding andtransrating module to perform at least one of transcoding or transratingon recorded program content; and a content supply control module tocontrol supply of transcoded or transrated program content to saidcontent playback device in response to a trick play message.
 16. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein said playback device makes an assessment ofcongestion on the second network prior to making said decision whetherto switch to outputting program content of the program received at theplayback device from the first network or to output program contentbeing supplied via the second network by said gateway device that wasreceived by the gateway device from the first network.
 17. The system ofclaim 16, wherein said gateway device stops using a tuner to receivesaid program content, while said first network is providing said programcontent to the playback device, following said playback device making adecision to switch to outputting program content of the first programreceived at the playback device from the first network.
 18. The systemof claim 12, wherein said playback device receives network congestioninformation from a network controller, said received network congestioninformation being used in making said decision.
 19. The system of claim11, wherein the first network is a cable network.
 20. The system ofclaim 19, wherein said second network interface used to receive programcontent from the second network is different from said first interfacevia which the playback device receives said content from the firstnetwork.